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The Fort l'Écluse (or Fort de l'Écluse) is close to the village of Collonges, Ain in Eastern France. It commands the Rhone valley and is a natural entrance into France from Switzerland between the Vuache hills and the Jura Mountains. The fort was founded by a Duke of Savoy, and completed by Vauban in the reign of Louis XIV. It was destroyed by the Austrians in 1815, but was rebuilt by the French, and at the same time considerably strengthened and heightened. The high-road intersects a portion of this fortification.〔Karl Baedeker. ''Switzerland: With the Neighboring Lakes of Northern Italy, Savoy, and the Adjacent Districts of Piedmont, Lombardy and the Tyrol, Handbook for Travellers'', Karl Baedeker (Firm), 1863. (p. 251 )〕〔(Collonges Fort L'Ecluse ). Retrieved 18 August 2008.〕〔(Fort L'Ecluse ), Retrieved 18 August 2008.〕 ==Description and construction== The lower fort (''fort inférieure''), near the level of the Rhône, was rebuilt between 1816 and 1828. The ''route national'' 84 passed through the fort until 1939 when it was relocated to a tunnel through the rock behind the fort, defended by a casemate in the tunnel built as part of the Maginot Line fortification program. The casemate was intended to receive 47mm anti-tank guns, but was never equipped. It is linked to the lower fort by a tunnel. The Fort l'Écluse was the largest component of the otherwise weakly fortified Defensive Sector of the Rhône. The upper fort (''fort supérieure'') is above the lower fort. Its location allows the upper fort to control the valley, including the railroad viaduct, and to protect the lower fort. It was built between 1834 and 1848. Today, the lower fort and the subterranean steps and casemates cut into the rock above it, up to and including terraces just below the upper fort, are open during the summer months for visiting, however the upper fort is not currently safe for visitors. Furthermore, a moderately difficult (AD)〔(ViaFerrata.org Fort l'Ecluse ). Retrieved 17 August 2009.〕 via ferrata exists which takes climbers from the lower fort to the upper fort by traversing the rocky hillside. In addition, there are many hiking trails in the area which allow hikers access to the upper fort. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fort l'Écluse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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